Thinking in Early Adulthood-Post formal Stage

From the angle of formative brain science, there have been a few unique arrangements of speculations with respect to the way toward intuition in early adulthood. While most of sources hold agreement that the advancement of manners of thinking inside individuals is finished in youth, there are additionally speculations that a phase of psychological improvement lies past the standard way of thinking to incorporate what is normally alluded to as a post formal stage, which, basically, includes the human brain preparing thought past rationale and having the option to fundamentally investigate, assess different choices, and pick an alternative dependent on examination (Arack).In this exposition, the subject of whether the post formal stage exists will be replied. To start, an incongruity happened to the specialist in the thought of the response to this inquiry itself, and that incongruity is the way that so as to have the option to respond to the inquiry, the capacity to dissect different snippets of data on their legitimacy and build up a sentiment/answer to this inquiry appears to show the presence of post formal stages in itself.If everything past youthfulness was followed up on dependent on what was shaped in the psyche up to the hour of pre-adulthood, it is dicey that this article would have a lot of substance by any stretch of the imagination. Going past the hypothetical, in any case, the analyst will presently legitimize the attestation that post formal exists. The very pith of the human experience demonstrates that post formal is something that assumes an indispensable job in human turn of events, from birth to adulthood and into old age.This is prove by the way that numerous individuals end up changing their suppositions on a basically interminable number of themes and circumstances as their background increments, ostensibly crushing that we are on a kind of mental auto-pilot once adulthood draws near and that the brain by then is simply a clearinghouse for musings, with no capacity to change thought processes.Another key thought and proof of post formal presence are the numerous instances of individuals who learn aptitudes and seek after extra instruction late throughout everyday life, which would be outlandish if the psyche couldn't grasp new thoughts and data, alluded to by the individuals who are promoters of the presence of post formal as â€Å"shifting gears† (Arack). All things considered, both from the points of view of model and scholastic exploration, there is adequate proof to help the presence of post formal stages. While a considerable lot of the complexities of the human brain may never be comprehended, this is by all accounts something that can be dispassionately demonstrated.

Dreams in Young Goodman Brown and in the Life of Its Author Essay

Dreams in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and in the Life of Its Author  â â The whole moral story of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is incoroporated into a fantasy, contingent upon the reader’s understanding of the Hawthorne story. In his own life Hawthorne had dreams and utilized them.  In 1847 Edgar Allan Poe, investigating Hawthorne’s stories in â€Å"Tale-Writing: A Review† for Godey's Lady's Book, has this to state about his fantastic way to deal with composing:  Presently, my own assessment of him is, that in spite of the fact that his walk is constrained and he is decently to be accused of quirk, treating all subjects in a comparative tone of marvelous allusion [italics mine], yet in this walk he manifests exceptional virtuoso, having no adversary either in America or somewhere else; and this sentiment I have never heard refuted by any one scholarly individual in the nation  Hawthorne’s fantastic way to deal with life started at a youthful age, as referenced by James Russell Lowell in â€Å"Hawthorne† in A Fable For Critics (1848).  His psyche created itself; deliberate development may have ruined it.... He used to design long stories, wild and whimsical, and tell where he was going when he grew up, and of the magnificent undertakings he was to meet with, continually finishing with, 'And I 'm failing to come back once more,' in a significant serious tone, that charged upon us the exhortation to esteem him the more while he remained with us.  â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† opens with the youthful Puritan spouse leaving his significant other for the night so he can subtly going to a witches’ compromising of the backwoods. As he goes out:  Dearest heart, murmured she, delicately and rather unfortunately, when her lips were near his ear, pr'ythee, put off your excursion until dawn, and rest I... ...- situated that his way of thinking of life incorporates dream symbolism.  WORKS CITED Benoit, Raymond.  'Young Goodman Brown': The Second Time Around.â The Nathaniel Hawthorne Review 19 (Spring 1993): 18-21. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Complete Short Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Doubleday and Co., Inc.,1959. 247-56. James, Henry. Hawthorne. http://eldred.ne.mediaone.net/nh/nhhj1.html Lowell, James Russell. â€Å"Hawthorne.† In A Fable For Critics. 1848. http://eldred.ne.mediaone.net/nh/fable.html Martin, Terence. Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Twayne Publishers Inc., 1965. Poe, Edgar Allan. â€Å"Tale-Writing: A Review.† In Godey's Lady's Book, November, 1847, no. 35, pp. 252-6. http://eldred.ne.mediaone.net/nh/nhpoe2.html Wagenknecht, Edward. Nathaniel Hawthorne †The Man, His Tales and Romances. New York: Continuum Publishing Co., 1989.

Setting up a Finance Department

Setting up a Finance Department © Shutterstock.com | SFIO CRACHOSetting up a finance department is perhaps the most significant steps to starting an organization. In this article, we will look at 1) what exactly a finance department is, 2) the main objectives of this department, 3) the functions it carries out, 4) the elements comprising this department, 5) positions required to run this department, and lastly 6) the importance of knowing information technology when running the finances of an organization.WHAT IS A FINANCE DEPARTMENT?As the name suggests, a finance department is that imperative and highly significant component of a business which is responsible for managing and organizing the flow of cash and all things related to it. This department can be considered the sole and core crux of a company’s growth and development. How well a finance department functions shows how well the company performs. This department is responsible for all activities related to finance which include:Organizing financesManagin g themAuditing themControlling and distributing themPlanning themAnd accounting themMAIN OBJECTIVES OF A FINANCE DEPARTMENTThe main and perhaps the most significant objective of the finance department is to ensure the control and management of all finance related topics. In turn, the department ensures that those finance topics are delivered and utilized in such a manner that the highest aims of the organization are achieved (e.g. profit maximization).With a well-functioning and a smoothly running finance department, the company is given the opportunity to be able to make well-informed decisions. These decisions hold great significance and oftentimes have a direct impact on the growth of the company and the received profit. The finance department, therefore, is held responsible for being able to maintain records over a long period. This helps the managers and decision makers of the company to be able to see the impact of the finance on the company, and thus decide better for all fut ure prospects.This department aims at diligently keeping a track record of all financial transactions for future references. It also carries out audits with the help of professional auditors to ensure and calculate where from and how the company went into a loss or gained a profit.While a CEO is an individual who is responsible for running a company, there is a CFO role of a person who manages the finances of this company. For CEO and management of the company it is essential to know how well or how poorly the finances are being received. The reason for that is that all decisions for the better performance of any company are solely sprung from the finances. Therefore, the members of the finance department are desired to keep thorough and continuous communication with the managerial people. The track records kept over the years also help them for example to decide whether they want to continue working with a particular client or not.Thus, it is safe to say that any company or organiz ation cannot run or perform smoothly without a well-functioning finance department. The aims this department aspires towards are significantly essential to result in the expansion of the company.FUNCTIONS CARRIED OUT BY A FINANCE DEPARTMENTThe finance department has the very delicate responsibility of keeping the financial records under check so that when the time comes for example to make payments or assess records, everything is available in an updated form. If necessary, companies go into a debt or take a loan from a bank to make sure they get back on track. At times like these the manager or one sole individual does not take up the responsibility of tracing when the loan is taken and returned. Nor do independent partners of the business run these services themselves. This is the function of the financial department always to be aware of where payments need to be made and where payments need to come from and when. If the finance department does not carry its functions with regula rity then, a company can very easily be sued due to an unpaid debt and even go into an irrecoverable loss.Following are some of the key functions carried out by finance departments all over the world.The preparation and creation of all financial recordsThis involves the thorough preparation of ultimately creating concrete financial records based on where they are being sent and where the finances are being received from. They also keep bi-monthly to annual records of all the profitable investments and losses made by the company. Thus, they maintain the data in order to ensure that all future decisions are well-informed and based on previous profits.It is the responsibility of the finance to keep track of all departments using up the finances of the company. They also then in turn need to provide records that show where the money was spent and for what purpose.Prepare and plan internal financial informationEvery company needs a budget according to which they function. Without a budge t, a company cannot function wisely. This is another responsibility of the finance department; to provide the decision makers with a rough budget they can base their decisions off of.Analyze current financial performanceThe finance department is responsible for reviewing financial performance throughout the year and analyzing how fast funds are being spent, how quickly revenue is being generated, and anticipate financial trends for the year.Pay creditorsThe finance department needs to make sure creditors are kept track of and payments are made in time. They generally keep track of larger loans and investments that need regular monitoring, or make a larger impact on the business.Pay employees wages and salariesMost significantly, when it comes to the paychecks and the salaries to be given to the workers and the employees, it is this department’s job to do so.Therefore as it can be seen above, all delicate matters of finance, payments and salaries are the core functions of the finan ce department. They ensure a smooth flowing system at the back-end so the company can function seamlessly.SETTING UP A FINANCE DEPARTMENTThe development of a finance department involves a lot of research over a period of time. Here are the elements that need to be kept in mind.Financial ReportingThese are the reports on the basis of which the manager and other members of the finance department can track and anticipate the extent on which they are achieving their aims. It is with the formation of these reports that the organization is governed, monitored and to an extent controlled. These reports include the culmination of information and data in black and white from all sub departments; taxation, auditing, sale, purchase and others. These reports provide to the company a written proof of how well or how poorly they performed allowing them to improve their stance for the future.Accounting Records and Source DocumentationAs the name suggests, this involves the documentation of the pos ition of the finances in terms of how they are being used by the organization in sale and in purchase. The documentation of this progress allows the department to make well-informed decisions in the future.Internal ControlThe individuals at the managerial position in the finance department hold the responsibility to ensure that the system is under control. They manage and maintain the internal control of the system by keeping a check on the employees, the assistants and the accountants to ensure they perform their job well. By doing so they are able to implement policies when need be and carry out certain positions if they feel the job is not being done as it should. The sole purpose of ensuring that all members within the department perform their individual duties ultimately ensures a profitable future for the organization. Thus to maintain an internal control, the managerial members of the department sustain the environment of the work area. They make sure that the accounting syst em is updated at all times and has been reviewed. Lastly, they also take control of all managerial to minuscule procedures to ensure nothing goes out of hand.Cash ManagementAny running organization is always dealing with finances at various levels. This is why it is essential for them to secure the management of their cash flux allowing the guarantee that the company has a record of all the cash leaving and being received by them, to have definitive records of this cash flow and always remain aware of who they need to pay and who needs to pay them.HIERARCHY OF FINANCE DEPARTMENTThere is a team of several people that ultimately make up the financial department in every company. While setting one up, following are the members that must be appointed to ensure a smooth performance of the system.Financial directorThe responsibilities of the individual in this position are perhaps the most significant as this particular figure makes all the financial decisions. It is the financial directo r’s job to ensure that the performance of the company does not falter; the management and assessment of all finances, the approval and disapproval of budgeting and above all directing and assessing other members of the department is done flawlessly.Chartered accountantThis particular individual working as a chartered accountant holds the responsibility towards preparing tax statements for the smooth running of the company and its accounting system. By carefully scrutinizing the accounting records of the past, the accountant reviews current records as well. The Chartered Accountant must run audits by meeting with the clients in their own businesses to ensure and keep a check on the financial position of their organization. Some accountants work in the tax area of the finance department and some in the auditing; both with independent responsibilities ensuring there is no hindrance in the way of the company’s financial growth.Financial manager for accountThe basic responsibilities of a financial manager in the finance department are to manage and analyze the funds. This particular individual manages a record of all the funds and allows their flow in and out of the company. On the basis and assessment of this information the manager then creates a budget for the company to provide it with the closest most profitable strategic plan and direction. Thus, this particular individual possesses a great degree of responsibility not just in the department but in the company as a whole.Manager for financial servicesThe function of the manager of services is simple; to keep track of the law changes that may be announced in finance legislation. It is the job of the manager of services to ensure that what the company plans on doing is in coherence with what the law allows. In order to ensure nothing hinders this growth they keep harmonious relationships with all bankers, auditors and other organizations.AccountantThe purpose of an accountant is to perform several minuscule tasks such as analyzing and collecting the data later required by the manager. This individual is required to analyze the trends and the requirements of a company to review and produce budgets and accounts for a project in the near future. Thus they serve several financial tasks.Finance assistance for sale and purchaseThe finance assistant for sale is required to formulate a budget plan for the organization to keep a thorough record of all the sales made. This includes everything from paying the employees, financing adverts to promote the company and paying off debtors and all else. Their job is to ensure that all the money leaving the company is being recorded for a better sale in the next year. Similarly the job of a finance assistant for purchase is to keep an efficient record of all items that have been bought or purchased to ensure which profited the organization and which did not. These are the members that make up a smoothly functioning and well-performing finance department .IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN FINANCEThe running of a finance department always includes several records of significance and demands constant documentation of these records, all of which cannot be run without the help of a software. It simplifies the lengthy task of maintaining records, renewing them, updating them and then saving them. Hence the software being used holds a great significance in the smooth functioning of a company’s finance department. Here are some benefits of financial software.Automation: Everything is automated: a change made in one record is immediately updated in all other files.Reporting: It helps in reporting; it helps in the quick formation of reports following the formal business language.Function: It helps in functioning. Any data that ever needs to be transferred from one department to another can easily be done so by the click of a button. Transactions can be allowed or prohibited even when the bank itself is out of service so the organizat ion suffers no halt.Convenience: It allows quick and hassle free deposits and transactions alongside receipts for future records. Everything needed to know about all employees can be stored in one place and looked at whenever. All record can be updated without any time wastage.Budgeting and bookkeeping: It helps in budgeting. A system provides a quick review of all past budgets allowing it to be easier for them to formulate and anticipate budgets for the future.Therefore the significance of a finance department in an organization is colossal. Without a well-functioning and a smoothly running finance department, no organization can anticipate succeeding in the market. The ability to succeed and anticipate things before time are all instigated by the performance of this department, allowing the organization to make well-informed decisions and be able to control and maintain its overall performance.

Diabetes Diabetes And Diabetes - 851 Words

Diabetes comes in multiple forms: type 1, or diabetes insipidus; type 2, or diabetes mellitus; or gestational, which occurs during pregnancy and may be either type 1 or type 2. Diabetes is a metabolic disease where the person has high blood glucose. (Blood glucose is also know was blood sugar.) When the person has high blood sugar it’s either because the insulin result is insufficient, or the body’s cells don’t respond to the insulin like it should, or both can happen. There are different types of diabetes. They are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 occurs when the body doesn’t produce insulin; type 2 is occurs when the body’s receptor cells no longer accept the insulin produced by the body’s pancreas. Gestational diabetes affects women that are pregnant. [What is Diabetes? (n.d.)]. There are symptoms of the different types of diabetes. The type 1 diabetes symptoms are increased thirst, increased hunger, dry m outh, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vison. The type 2 diabetes symptoms are slow-healing sores or cuts, itching of the skin, yeast infections, recent weight gain, numbness or tingling of the hands and feet, and impotence or erectile dysfunction. Gestational diabetes often doesn’t have symptoms, however if they do they are increased thirst, increased urination, increased hunger, and blurred vison. Some of these symptoms are very similar to each other. [Diabetes Causes and Types: Pre-Diabetes, Types 1Show MoreRelatedDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes3153 Words   |  13 PagesPeople all around the world might know someone with diabetes, but might have never realized how did they get diabetes, what will happen with them, what do they go through, what makes them change their lives, or what is there everyday basis when someone has diabetes? It may not be your problem, but to show respect and care for the one who may have diabetes can help them a nd benefit yourself to know more about it and have a better understanding of it. It can impact a person s personal life to knowRead MoreDiabetes : The Growth Of Knowledge On Diabetes1018 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes The research focused on explaining the meaning of diabetes and how literary some concepts can be used to control the situation. Diabetes is a defect in the body that results from the inability to convert glucose to energy. In the medical terms, glucose is the primary source of energy that enables the body to execute its functions effectively. The types of foods that affect the blood sugars are called carbohydrates. We can find carbohydrates in foods such as potatoes, corn, fruit, rice andRead MoreDiabetes And Its Effects On Diabetes1408 Words   |  6 Pagesgo hand in hand with diabetes. Everyone who has diabetes goes through different events or problems each and every day. However, there is more than just one type of diabetes that corresponds with these things; there are two distinct types. It is unsure how Diabetes was discovered but now there are much simpler ways to detect if someone is diabetic. As time has gone on, it is greatly apparent that the technology and all that scien tists know about diabetes has changed. Diabetes is a disease in whichRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes1433 Words   |  6 Pages Diabetes mellitus (sometimes called sugar diabetes) is a condition that occurs when the body can t use glucose (a type of sugar) normally. Glucose is the main source of energy for the body s cells. The levels of glucose in the blood are controlled by a hormone called insulin, which is made by the pancreas. Insulin helps glucose enter the cells. In diabetes, the pancreas does not make enough insulin (type 1 diabetes) or the body can t respond normally to the insulin that is made (type 2 diabetes)Read MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pages Diabetes refers to clinically and heterogenous group of disorders described by abnormal high levels blood glucose. Diabetes is ranked as 6th leading cause of death. It direct annual medical costs is approximately over $ 92 billion, and another $ 40 billion indirect cost. It affects approximately 18.2 million people in the USA (Arcangelo Peterson, 2013). Explain the differences between types of diabetes including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. There are three major classificationRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes1193 Words   |  5 Pagesthe family has diabetes. Her husband, your grandfather, is at risk for diabetes. Your father has diabetes. Your mother is at risk for diabetes. Your half-sister on your father’s side of the family was recently tested for diabetes. What kind of future regarding diabetes does that leave you with? This may not be you, but this is me. This is my diabetic and at risk family. What is the difference between the types of diabetes? What are the possible problems I can have because of diabetes? How can I treatRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes1371 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes For my health project topic I chose Diabetes. One of my aunts has type one diabetes, and that is partially why I chose to do this topic. Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar) because of varying reasons. Some of these reasons include insulin production is inadequate or because the body’s cells don’t respond properly to insulin, or both. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in theRead MoreDiabetes Is An Illness Of Diabetes2273 Words   |  10 Pages INTRODUCTION Diabetes is an illness that’s been raising for many years and yet there hasn’t been a cure found for it. Diabetes is diagnosed when you have too much glucose also known as sugar in your blood, where the pancreas isn’t able to make enough insulin to pass the sugar in use for energy to the different cells in your body. Glucose in the bloodstreams comes from the carbohydrate foods which are changed into sugar after we have eaten them or the glucose that’s been stored in the liver thatRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes919 Words   |  4 PagesResistance: Diabetes Diabetes mellitus is most commonly known as diabetes. Diabetes is formally a Greek word that translates to, â€Å"the making of lots of urine with sugar in it or making sweet urine† Brawley. This disease is due to a metabolic dysfunction. Diabetes is caused due to the fact that insufficient insulin is being produced in the pancreas. Sometimes this disease can even be caused because the cells are not being responsive to the insulin being produced. Unfortunately diabetes is not justRead MoreWhat Is Diabetes? Types Of Diabetes Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Is Diabetes? Types Of Diabetes By Harshad Jethra | Submitted On June 05, 2015 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Harshad Jethra Diabetes is also referred to as diabetes mellitus, and may

Social Studies Research Project Topics

Social Studies is the study of human beings as they relate to each other and their environments. If you enjoy exploring people, their cultures, and behavior, you should enjoy social studies. There are many disciplines that fit under the umbrella of the social sciences, so you can narrow the field to one that most interests you as you select a research topic. History Topics You might think of history as a branch of study that falls outside the realm of social studies. Not so. In every era of human existence, people had to relate to each other. For example, after World War II, there was great pressure for women to leave the workforce—they had been the backbone of the defense industry, filling vital jobs while men were overseas fighting the Japanese and the Nazis—yet they have shunted aside when the men returned. This created a great shift in the social dynamic in the U.S. Other historical themes offer rich areas for social studies research ranging from inventions that changed the nature of schoolwork to the impact U.S. presidents had when visiting a small town. Local architecture greatly influenced who people interacted with throughout history and even things as seemingly innocuous as the introduction of silverware impacted social norms and etiquette at the nightly dinner table. Diets of Civil War Soldiers and NutritionWWII Women Who Worked and Returned to HomemakingConfederate Symbols and Race in My TownInventions That Changed School WorkMidwives and Birth RatesLocal Architecture PatternsVanity in the Nineteenth CenturyVietnam War and GrandmaCountry Doctors RecordsThe Impact of a Presidents VisitWhen Silverware Came to TownCoal Camps in Local HistoryThe Household Impact of the Discovery of Germs Economics Topics Economics—a social science concerned chiefly with description and analysis of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, as Merriam-Webster notes—is, by definition, a social science. Job growth and loss—both nationally and locally—affect not just how people vote but how they relate to each other. Globalization  is a hot topic that often brings people of opposing views into heated arguments and even physical confrontations. International treaties—particularly those focusing on trade—can inflame passions in the electorate overall, in small communities and even among individuals. Do Attractive People Make More Money?What Political Party Creates Job Growth?Is Globalization  Good or Bad?International Treaties - Good or BadHow Does the IMF Work? Political Science Topics Race and politics are obvious areas for sociological study, but so is the fairness of the Electoral College. Many groups nationwide are firm believers in conspiracy theories, which have spawned entire groups devoted to the study and discussion of these topics. Is the Media Really Biased?How Do Polls Work?How Does Fact Checking Work?Race and PoliticsIs the Electoral College Fair?Political Systems ComparedWhat Is the New World Order?Conspiracy Theories Sociology Topics The umbrella topic of sociology can cover everything from marriage customs—including same-sex marriage—to the ethics involved in adopting children from Third World countries. The debate over private-versus-public schools—and the funding that goes with it—is a topic that stirs strong passions and discussions among advocates on each side. And, the ever-present specter of racism is a vexing problem that continues to plague our society. Federal v. State PowerFood RegulationWhat Opportunities Are Available to Specific Minority Groups?Good and Bad Role ModelsReligion and PoliticsBuilding in Flood ZonesMarriage Customs ExaminedSame-Sex MarriageIs It Ethical to Adopt Children  from Third World Countries?Population Control Around the WorldEducation: Private or Government SystemsWill Racism Ever Die?The Roots of Regional Customs in AmericaHow the Internet Affects Our Perception of Truth Psychology Topics Psychology—the study of the mind and behavior—goes to the very heart of what makes human beings tick as well as how they relate to each other, a prime topic for sociological study and research. Everything from local traffic patterns, politics emanating from the pulpit and the impact of Walmart on local communities influences how people think, congregate and form friendships and groups—all issues that make the following list perfect for sociology research paper ideas. The Impact of River Traffic (on your hometown)Where Do Our Apples Come From?Could We Survive on Garden Foods Today?Using a Local CurrencyHow Clothing Prices Affect Teenager ImageDoes Walmart Help or Hurt Local Economy?Voting Habits: Grandmothers and MothersAre We Born Liberal or Conservative?Political Messages from My PreacherTelevision and Test ScoresTechnology and Fitness Among KidsTV Commercials and Self ImageWii Games and Family TimeSuperstitions and Family TraditionsBirth Order and Test ScoresA Secret Poll: Who Do You Hate?Do Unusual Names Affect Grades?Does Home Punishment Policy Affect School Performance?Local Vocabulary PatternsWhy Do We Make Friends?Are Girls Teams as Competitive as Boys Teams?Snow Days: Cold States, Warm States, and Family BondingAnatomy of a Small Town ParadePatterns of Lunchroom SeatingBullying Yesterday and TodayDoes Movie Violence Impact Behavior?Facebook and Family CommunicationWhat Would You Change About Your Body?Procrastination and TechnologyWhy Kid s Tell LiesClothing and Attitudes: Do Shopkeepers Treat Me Differently If I Dress Differently?Does Citizen Status Affect Students Self-Esteem?Are You Vulnerable to a Cult?How Do Cults Work?

Grameen Phone Selection Process Free Essays

string(70) " TACS were introduced respectively in North Europe and in UK in 1981\." 24 May 2008 MR. Amlan J. Haque Senior Lecturer School Of Business Independent University, Bangladesh Subject: Submission of the report on â€Å"Recruitment and Selection Procedure of GP. We will write a custom essay sample on Grameen Phone Selection Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now Dear Sir, We have the immense pleasure to submit our report on â€Å"Recruitment and Selection Procedure of GP† for your kind consideration. While making this report we came across many hurdles and pleasant experiences. But the valuable experiences we have gained during the period will undoubtedly benefit us in the real work field. Despite the several constraints, we gave our all efforts to make this report a meaningful one and in this way we express our deep gratitude as you kindly have given us the scope and assigned the task. We have tried heart and soul to make this case analysis perfect but for time limitation and other difficulties we may be some mistakes. We hope that you will ignore our faults and consider our lacks while judging the report. We enjoy this study and gladly attend any suggestion of you to clarify on any point, if necessary. At last, thanking you very much for assigning us such a pragmatic and interesting topic for preparing the report. Sincerely yours, Md. Khaleque Faisal Emon ID: On behalf of Group: All praises to be ALLAH and peace is on his prophet Mohammed (sm) We are higly indebted to those who helped us to prepare the report. We are alsoindebted to our course teacher MR. Amlan J. Haque for giving us this topic to make the report. Then we would like to express our sincere thanks to some of our friends for their help we are grateful to those participants whose participation made possible to accomplish our report. we would like to thank IUB computer lab and library for their support that helped us to complete this work successfully. At last i wish to express my earnest gratitude to all of my course mates. Executive summery Recruitment and selection are one of the most important concerns for every organization. Recruitment process starts from the advertisement until the receipt of CV. As soon as the CV is dropped the recruitment process ends and the selection process begins. Strategic planning for recruitment and selection indicates the past trends and future forecast of organization. Grameen phone is the largest telecommunication company in Bangladesh, which holds nearly fifty percent share ofthis industry. Grameen Phone is gradually expanding its business to the edge of the country and holds a substantial share. Introduction Background of The Study: Report is a compulsory requirement for everybody pursuing an BBA degree at the Independent University. We studied a lot of things about GrameenPhone and collected documents in various prospect in this regard. When we were continuing our study, we came to know a lot of things about GrameenPhone because this study attempts to produce a constructive report on recruitment and selection procedure of GrameenPhone. Ressons For Choosing GP: Reports play a vital role in the field of communication both in the educational orientation and in practical life. So from this side, it must be better in choosing or selecting the entire organization. Because a well-established organization or company can provide the best materials or documents to prepare a report easily which is very important in BBA. GP is a high ambitious and well-reputed company in Bangladesh currently used by over 1. 3 billion people in some 250 countries. GrameenPhone believes in service, a service that leads to good business and good development. Scope of the Study: The report covers the procedure of the recruitment and selection and emphasizes the human resource management on some position. The total industry and investment situation of the country is not observed in the report so this report does not actually compare the position of the mobile companies in the context of the total business situation of the country. Objectives of the Study: Broad Objective The broad objective of this study is to present the GrameenPhone’s entry-level function and practices in the overall industries in Bangladesh. Specific Objectives The specific objectives were as follows: Finding out the current process of GrameenPhone’s Recruitment and Selection. * Present factors to be considers in Selection Procedure. * Problems and prospects of Selection Procedure. And — * Categories of people/candidates who are mainly recruited. Methodology of the Study: Two different methodologies had to be designed to complete the parts: * Information regarding the overall procedure of Recruitment and Selection was gathered from the Internet and different literature survey. * To get a closer look at what different operators are providing it was necessary to collect different literatures published by the companies. Another source of information was interviews with different professionals of GP organizations. Limitations of the Study: * The information that we used to conduct our survey was mostly from secondary studies. So, it was not a perfectly representative sample. * The major limitation of the report is that it took a very short period of time in preparing this report fully. So ultimately there must be some lacking in its premises. * Moreover, it was not possible to get all required internal information of the company as these are treated as confidential company information. Vision of Grameen Phone: To become the largest telecommunication company in the world and reach the hands of every people around the world. Mission of Grameen Phone: To serve the customer with better quality and retaining existing customers. A Brief Profile of Cell Phone Sector in Bangladesh Introduction of Cellular Technology: Mobile technology introduced in St. Louis, Mississippi in 1946. From the beginning, mobile technology was very costly and was very rare and the service was limited to a single call and was not satisfied enough. After 1950 period, the cost of the technology become lower and coverage become wider. USA innovated an AMPS system in 1979, which was not very power full and that, was an analogue system. There were two types of analogue mobile phone system namely NMT TACS were introduced respectively in North Europe and in UK in 1981. You read "Grameen Phone Selection Process" in category "Papers" But with the pace of timeall these three analogue systems became unable to fulfill the demand. As a result, after more than one decade of analogue system digital system in mobile phone was introduced in 1992. The name of this technology is Global System for Mobile communications (GSM). More than 2o million subscribers in almost 130 countries worldwide use GSM technology. CDMA is another digital technology in mobile telecommunications. This GSM system can be said as the digital cellular system, which is fully featured with services like Basic Telephony, Data and Value Added services (VAS). The existing GSM technologies are GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900. Cellular Operation in Bangladesh: Bangladesh is one of the least developing countries in the world. It is also reflected in her telecommunication sector. Telecommunication is one of the important parameter to measure a country’s development. In 1988 the telephone density of Bangladesh was only 21 connections per 100 people. The main reason behind this poor performance is incapability of Bangladesh Telegraph and Telegraph Board (BTTB) to provide connection. Moreover their service quality was very poor. Against this background, Government of Bangladesh (GOB) took a reform program for the sector. The objectives of this reform program were to expand access to telecommunication services all over the country, improve service quality, satisfy all demand for telecommunication and promote efficient operation. The main strategy to achieve these objectives was to introduce private investment and operation in this sector. Ultimately in 1989, GOB issued license to private operator for provision of cellular, paging and radio trucking with exclusivity for five years services. In this five year contract was extended to thirty years. Ultimately, the evolution of cellular technology is duly justified. In 1989, a 20-year license with a five-year exclusivity was issued to a privatecompany, Bangladesh Telecom Limited (BPTL), for the provision of nationwide cellular telephone services. This license was cancelled and subsequently, Hutchison Bangladesh Telecom Ltd. (HBTL) was awarded the license, which commenced operation in 1991. HBTL offered a mobile phone to all the Bangladeshi citizens in Dhakawithin a periphery of 26 miles at a charge of Tk. 1. 25 lac and call charge of Tk. 10 (per minute) for in coming calls and the same for outgoing. Response from the consumers was impressive and remained so all through the monarch. HBTL gradually transformed to PBTL and simultaneously developed customer service quality by improving technical infrastructure. However, one of the serious discontinuance from the customers is that, ever-continuing price reduction creates a feeling of deprivation among the older users. World Telecommunication Industry: The corporate strategies and government policies in the international telecommunications sectors of the United States, the European Union, and Japan is very important to understand the present situation in the world telecom industry. Countries experience different rates of growth in telecommunications revenue in theirdomestic markets. An analysis revealed that the timing of the opening of domestic markets to competition made no difference in the rate of growth. Instead, thelevel of development and rate of overall economic growth were the determining factors. Trends of the international telecommunications industry are evaluated with strategic options for globalization for smaller countries and carriers. Between 1985 and 1995 telecommunications revenues for Japan and United States have generally grown at rates faster than new line activation or increasing call volume. Tariffs have been restructured, the mix of calls—local, long distance (trunk), and international—has changed, and leased-line and mobile services have grownrelative to traditional switched, wire-line telephony. Two major trends characterize the international telecommunications industry: Rapid technological advances, and The growing realization that liberalizing telecommunications industries is key to overall industry growth. These two trends hasten the liberalization of telecommunications markets around the world. The role of national governments is changing from that of a direct player to that of policy maker and regulator. The nature of international telecommunications trade is evolving from a bilateral, nation-to-nation framework to a multinational, multilateral company-to-company paradigm. Major international telecommunications alliances have taken many forms with the potential to dominate segments of international. Nevertheless, demand will increase for smaller firms able to provide local presence and technological expertise. There are various strategic options available to smaller countries and carriers. These strategies range from domestic to regional to international: * Lead the domestic market in phased liberalization * Seek opportunities to integrate vertically * Promote regional opportunities * Capture a major share of a regional market Expand enhanced services internationally. Recruitment and Selection of Grameen Phone Introduction: Human Resource Management is a strategic approach of processing or recruiting, developing, maintaining and utilizing the human resources of an organization. If a firm’s competitiveness depends on its employees, then the business function responsible for acquiring, training, appraising and compensating those employees who has to play a bigger roll in the firm’s success. As part of an organization, Human Resource Management must be prepared to deal with the effects of the changing world of work. For them, this means understanding the implications of globalization, technology changes, work-force diversity, changing skill requirements, continuous improvement initiatives, the contingent work force, decentralized work sites, and employee involvement. Factors to be considered in Selection Porcedure: Before going to the selection procedure, Grameen Phone should adopt some factors that are considered in selection process. These factors are: 1. Resignation and terminations. 2. Quality assurance and nature of Employee. 3. Technological and administrative changes of the Employee. 4. Financial availability of the candidates. 5. Trend analysis 6. Using computer and forecasting personnel requirements. This should be done by the Human Resource Manager of GrameenPhone when forecasting personnel needs. Finally the selected candidates are estimated the volume of output. Recruitment and Selection Process: GrameenPhone tries to discover industrious and innovative people ready to embark on a challenging career. During search for talent, GrameenPhone carry out a number of activities such as: †¢ Online Database. †¢ Advertisement in daily newspapers. †¢ Accept hard-copy submission of CVs in Human Resource Division. Occasionally from Job Fairs. Recruitment Procedure: GrameenPhone follow comprehensive and extensive selection procedures in search for the most ideal and competent professionals. The testing methods are effectively designed in order to accurately evaluate the required competence and skill for particular jobs. GP procedures for recruitment involve th e following steps: Recruitment Selection Process: HR needs and Requisition: Department will inform the HR of any vacant position so that HR can co-ordinate / notify the other offices of the vacant position. Whenever needed, the head of HR will review the available records and database if there is any qualified and suitable candidate available from GrameenPhone’s internal sources or prospective external candidates already identified earlier. In special circumstances and to make a quick decision the head of HR may propose any suitable staff within the GrameenPhone for the position to the respective Unit/Department Head and/or project. Job Description: Recruitment process ideally begins with the analysis of job description and person specification for that job. A job description and analysis of person specification provide the foundation for stipulating the job title and salary scale of the position. Person specification defines the education, training and experience required by the jobholder. The person specification is vital because the key part of the person specification, established at the beginning, is used in structured selection interview. Job description is the basis of GrameenPhone’s recruitment, selection and placement, training, performance appraisal, salary administration, promotion and other personnel actions for its employees. The appointing authority and the line manager shall ensure that each employee has an appropriate and updated job description stating clearly the context, purpose, organogram, duties and responsibilities of the employees and person specification. Job description will be prepared and provided to the employee when he/she is appointed, promoted, newly assigned or when deemed necessary. Recruitment Sources: An effective recruitment always starts with the correct selection of sources of human resources. A recruited employee who has not the right skill cannot perform effectively. As a result the overall performance level is sure to deteriorate which has significant effect on the company performance. Therefore, GrameenPhone has been on continuous search of effective recruitment sources. Internal Sources: It is GrameenPhone’s policy to give preference to appoint internal candidates, provided that the employee is suitably qualified for the vacant or new position and also meets the existing and future requirements. Appointments may be made by the way of promotion, up gradation or transfer with the approval of the authority. As a usual procedure, job vacancies in GrameenPhone will be advertised through internal notices to the concerned offices. External Sources: Whenever job vacancies are required to be circulated outside, the main objective will be to attract a pool of candidates to apply from which qualified candidates for job vacancies can be chosen. Here are a number of external sources that is used by the company: * Newspaper Advertisement: Vacancy announced is circulated by publishing advertisement in the national dailies. The newspapers that are widely circulated are chosen for publishing advertisement. Employee Referrals: Employees of the company may refer prospective job seekers to HR department. There are professional and technical jobs, which are frequently harder to fill. Employees with hard-to-find job skills may know others who might meet the desired job requirements and do the same work. In such case, employee referral method may be useful. * Walk-ins and Write-ins: Often job seekers arriv e at HR department in search of a job. They are walk-in people. Write-ins are those who send their curriculum resume for suitable position. Both groups may be asked to fill up an application blank. Their relevant information may be kept in active database file for any suitable position in future. * Web site: Modern information technology such as web site is also used for advertising job vacancy of different positions. * Other: Depending on circumstances, other professional / employment agencies, technical institutes and journals may be chosen to give wider coverage of job openings. The role of HR personnel is very important in dealing with external job seekers because the outsider individuals draw an impression about the company on the manner their candidature has been dealt with. Application Receiving: HR department collects job applications against each vacancy announcement. There should have a minimum time period for application receiving. The period shouldnormally be around 10 days. All applications are sequentially numbered in HR. applications are not acceptedthat are received after the deadline. Under special circumstances, applicationsafter deadline may be accepted provided the concerned Manager gives written authorization. It is GrameenPhone’s policy to attract as many applicants to apply, provided thatthey meet the pre-requisites of the job. However, those who have been regretted within last six months period are not allowed to apply for whatsoever position in GrameenPhone and within one year, a candidate can not appear for more than two tests / interviews. Short Listing: Short listing is done on the basis of appraising information on the application form in the light of job specification of a position. The job criteria are critically reviewed during short listing. The short-listing method is qualitative one where managerial judgment plays important role. Before short listing of candidates for tests, job criteria are set by HR and line manager. There are general and technical job criteria that a candidate has to meet for consideration of next step of selection. HR determines general criteria while line manager determines technical criteria. Both the types of the criteria are important; however, it is the nature of job that determines which type of criteria should give more priority. Evaluating the followings does short listing: Educational Qualification: Whether the candidates have the required educational qualification, Relevant job experience and required skills: How far the candidate’s most recent job experiences and skills match the job requirements of the position. The candidate may have the irrelevant job experiences and skills that is not considered during short listing. GrameenPhone follows a standard set rule of short listing of candidates. For one position the number of candidates for written test should not be more than 8. The number of candidates in the oral test should not be more than 4-5. Administering tests and interview After short listing of prospective candidates, appropriate employment tests such as written tests, oral tests or any other tests as deemed fit are arranged to assess candidates’ suitability for the position. Through the test selected psychological factors such as intelligence, aptitude, temperament and attitude of the candidates are measured / observed. The main focuses of employment tests are on Job related questions to assess in-depth knowledge of the candidates Assessment of mental ability, reasoning, memory etc. * Assessment of potentiality and ability to learn. * Proficiency in performing tasks. * Assessment in line with job analysis. The selection is made on the basis of successive hurdle approach. The candidates are rejected following each of the stage or test being administered. HR drafts the written and oral test questionnaires. A set of questions of technical nature is drafted by line mangers and sent to HR. Few questionnaires from that list is included in the test by HR as random basis. While finalizing test question, HR considered the job requirements of the position and maintains relevance, consistency and standard on the pattern of questions. The type of question depends on the nature of the position. Usually a combination of multiple and narrative type of questions is set in the written test. HR exclusively checks all multiple type and non- technical narrative type of answers, while the line manager checks the narrative type of technical part. HR does the compilation of score in written test. It is the responsibility of HR to select and call candidates for subsequent tests based on the performance of written test. The minimum qualifying score in the written test is 45%. Candidates who have qualified in the written test are invited for the next selection test. Company Presentation: The candidates who have appeared for written test are briefed about GrameenPhone just before the test. HR organizes a half an hour presentation on the following topics: * The Company profile. * The present considerations, goals and targets of GrameenPhone. * The growth of GrameenPhone in the present market. * The brief job description of the position. * Type of the written test and evaluation of the result. Interview Steps: Selection interview is an in-depth discussion between interviewer and interviewee. An interview Board/Selection Committee is formed comprising of the following personnel: Line Manager Unit/Departmental Head Head of HRD HR processes all recruitment, however, for some senior management level position, outside recruitment may be permissible. Executive Search/ Professional Consulting Firms may be contacted by HR for this purpose. The interview board members ask questions that are relevant to the performancesof the job including questions regarding required skills. The type of questionsmay be mixed of open-ended, behavior-oriented; competency based and stresses type questions. The nature of questions varies according to the level of position. The interview board members rank all candidates and recommend candidates best suited for them. The basis of preliminary selection is marks obtained in oral tests and their judgment about the candidates fit for the position. The minimum acceptable score in the oral test is 4 in the 1-8 rating scale. The recommendation to be made does not necessarily be in favor of the top ranked candidate because the board member may be convinced in evaluating overall performance and background of the another close candidate. A consensual recommendation is made and forwarded to HR along with all papers for next course of action. The board members signed the Employment Approval Form. Medical Examination: In GrameenPhone, the job offer is contingent on passing medical examination conducted by the Company nominated diagnostic center. The medical examination is conducted once preliminary decision for recruitment is made but the employment offer has not yet given. The purpose for a medical examination is to obtain information on the health status of the applicant being considered for employment and to determine whether the applicant is physically and mentally capable of performing the job. The cost of medical examination is borne by the company. Information and Reference Check: Once a preliminary selection decision is made, HR verify certain information as provided in the job application such as educational degree, work experience, last employment status. The purpose of reference check is to obtain factual information confidentially about a prospective employee and seeking opinions from professional referees and previous employer about his/her suitability for the job. Final Selection and Appointment Offer: Based on positive report on health status from the medical center, and positive reference check, the candidate is selected for appointment. At this stage, the selected candidate is offered employment with GrameenPhone. The appointment authority of GrameenPhone issues an appointment letter to the selected candidates. The appointment letter includes: 1. Job title, Grade/Step and Salary 2. Nature of appointment 3. Place of posting 4. Name of section or department 5. Effective date of appointment 6. Probationary period, conditions of confirmation and notice period 7. Ending date of employment (applicable for contract employee) 8. GrameenPhone standard terms and conditions A current job description is also attached with the appointment letter. The appointment letter and job description will become valid only after signing by the Director HR and the employee, in the space provided for the purpose. Weaknesses of Selection Process: GrameenPhone faced some problems of selection process while maintaining its recruitment procedure. Although there is no process without lacking, GrameenPhone covers the weaknesses with soft-touch-smile. The weaknesses that the GrameenPhone faced are as follows: 1. Requirement not matched. 2. Double or triple CVs dropped by the candidates for getting opportunity cost. . Given wrong information. 4. Unreachable Mobile or Phone numbers. 5. Age factor. 6. Already working. 7. Salary range. 8. Confusion about contract position. 9. Reference problem. 10. Office proficiency. These are the problems that GrameenPhone faced in selection procedure. Sometimes it creates a serious problem in the way of selection but for the provision of the office proficiency, it must be overcome by the authority. Major Reasons o f Recruitment: Recruiting efforts are more successful when the recruiters themselves are carefully chosen and trained. Some employers use a recruiting yield pyramid to calculate the number of applicants they most generate to hire the required number of new employees. The following figure shows it. 50 New hires 100 Offers made (2:1) 150 Candidates interviewed (3:2) 200 Candidates invited (4:3) 1200 Leads generated (6:1) The recruiting and selecting process can best be envisioned as a series of hurdles, specifically, recruiting and selecting require: 1. Doing employment planning and forecasting to determine the duties of thepositions to be filled. 2. Building a pool of candidates for the job. 3. Having the applicants fill out application forms and perhaps undergo aninitial screening interview. 4. Utilizing various selection techniques such as tests, background investigations, and identify viable job candidates. 5. Sending to the supervisor responsible for the job. 6. Having the candidate(s) go through one or more selection interviews withthe supervisor and other relevant parties for the purpose of finally determining to which candidates(s) an offer should be made. During the process of recruitment and selection, GrameenPhone always prefer thebest categories of candidates to its finalized procedure. For this, the production of services of GrameenPhone is best. The best categories’ people and the highest educated candidates of students are engaged to GrameenPhone whose main aim is to give the country best services. People of different disciplines and activities are getting engaged with GP. Normally GrameenPhone recruit the experienced personnel to its senior level positions. In spite of that, the people who have minimum experience of 1-2 years are also getting employment in this company. Another types of people are currently getting employment opportunities in different units of GrameenPhone. They are the students of different Public and Private Universities. The work on the hourly basis and get a remuneration of Tk. 16,000 to 18,000. In the near future, GrameenPhone works with full swing by taking the hands of largest educated personnel’s so that it can make a contribution in the country’s mind and side by side to the heart of the rural and urban people. Summary: Recruitment and selection a vital role-played by the Human Resource Division of GrameenPhone. During its recruitment and selection procedure primary screening are taken through an advertisement. Then the HR division collects the CVs from the pool of candidates and makes sorting on the basis of education, experiences and out looking appearance. After the preliminary steps, they call for set in the exam that is called Employment Test. After getting the satisfactory marks, they are again call for interview where they are introduce with their job categories and expected salaries. When the HR getting the confirmation from the candidates, they send them for the medical examination and then hiring decision. After the placement, the role of HR is ended. But this is not the end; it is the beginning of the process. There are some weaknesses of HR through its recruitment and selection procedure. But GrameenPhone’s HR handles it with dedication. Findings and Analysis By analyzing the procedure of Grameen phone’s recruitment and selection procedure we can see that the HR division first collects the CVs from the pool of candidates and makes sorting on the basis of education, experiences and out looking appearance. After the preliminary steps, they call for set in the exam that is called Employment Test. After getting the satisfactory marks, they are again call for interview where they are introduce with their job categories and expected salaries. When the HR getting the confirmation from the candidates, they send them for the medical examination and then hiring decision. After the placement, the role of HR is ended. But this is not the end; it is the beginning of the process. There are some weaknesses of HR through its recruitment and selection procedure. But GrameenPhone’s HR handles it with dedication. Grameen phone is recruiting the best quality employees in the world. Conclusion and Recommendation An intense competitiveness has hit the very prospective and fast growing telecommunication sector in Bangladesh, specially the mobile telecom sector. And the credit goes to GrameenPhone, the eight years old private operator with new view of business solution and some other government-backed operators who have come to the market bringing down the cost to afford mobile communication. As an electric communication media, telecommunication industry makes people’s life more smooth, fast and enjoyable. But it seems few operators in the country are capable of meeting the growing demand of the city dweller’s need for communication. The market of mobile telephony still has great areas of unmet demand which if addressed properly could delight the consumers. GrameenPhone is a profit oriented mobile company seems together the highest energetic personnel who can serve better for the customer as well as human resource. Human Resource Management must be prepared to deal with the effects of the changing world of work. For them, this means understanding the implications of globalization, technology changes, work-force diversity, changing skill requirements, continuous improvement initiatives, the contingent work force, decentralized work sites, and employee involvement. This approach applies to GrameenPhone’s humanresources. Grameen Phone is a service company, one of it’s major objective is to ensure quality service to the customers, Generally Smart Loyalty agrees that in order to grow in business it is important to know which customers at all stages of commitment are thinking about the company, the products, services and competition. Furthermore, cellular service is a growing business in Bangladesh, competition is also increasing. Therefore, it is very important to retain and maintain exiting relationships with the subscribers. For this reason Human Resource Management of GrameenPhone plays and important role through its procedure of Recruitment and Selection because without recruit and select the most qualified employees, it cannot service better. A right person in the right place can do something better than the others. So the functions of Human Resource Division of GrameenPhone perform better. When a candidate appears in the recruitment and selection process, he/she may face several numbers of stares which is enough for his/her performance evaluation. From this, an evaluator can identify which categories of employee he/she is. After that he/she can be placed in the different unit under his/her ability or skills of works. In this way an employee can give the nation a better service according to their needs and earn profit to the attested company. That is doing GrameenPhone. Now-a-days, GrameenPhone’s Human Resource Division tries to follow the Multinational Human Resource Management strategies to adopt the international market, policy and prospects. Above all telecommunication industry is inevitably ministering our mobility, enhancing intensification of businesses, information systems, utilizing resources, pressing forward our economy escalating social sensitivity One of the strongest sides of GrameenPhone is its customer’s satisfaction, human resource development and performance in the country and outside the country. An organization without comments is like a ship without a rudder. So I arrange the recommendation part under the following ways: – 1. GP should earn flexibility to be able to reduce the bill, if necessary. But currently they should reduce the billing rate as others are offering lower than them. 2. Capacity of the helpline should be increased in the pick hours. 3. Different programs should be taken to educate the subscribers regarding different essential features of mobile phone. 4. For the purpose of raising subscribers in the urban area, different levels of local employees should be increased. . GrameenPhone should take extensive program to build a positive image among their users. So for that reason experienced persons should be hired or made by them with functional selection process. 6. GrameenPhone should offer some special packages in the first week of every month so that it can get every customer and every customer must attach with products. 7. Human capitals should be u sed in a particular sector without misused. Because Today’s Human Resources is related to that’s Human Capitals, which earns revenue. 8. Unfair touch of internal pressure towards Human Resources should be stopped right now for the betterment and long ability of the company. 9. GrameenPhone must initiate the availability of employees as well as employment. References 1. GrameenPhone Limited (2004-2005), News Letter. 2. GrameenPhone Limited, Image Guide Book Intranet. 3. V. A. Zeithmal and Mary Jo Bitner, Service Marketing, International Edit ion (1996), The MacGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. , New York. 4. T. A. J. Nicholson, Measuring Consumer Service and Managing Delivery. 5. James Brian Quinn, Jordan J. Baruch and Penny Cushman Paquette, Technolo gy in Services, Scientific American (December 1987). 6. Earl Naumann and Kathleen Giel, Customer Satisfaction Measurement and Ma nagement. (1978) 7. Web Site: www. grameenphone. com 8. Grameen Phone Ltd. , Annual Report 2002-05. 9. GrameenPhone Ltd. , Human Resource Division-July-2005, Divisional Annual report. 10. GrameenPhone Ltd, Customer Management Division-July-2005, Divisional Ann ual Report. William P. Anthony, Pamela L. Perrewe, K. Michele Kacmar,(Florida State Universi ty,1993), A Strategic Approach, 3rd Ed. , Human Resource Management, pp. 233-290. How to cite Grameen Phone Selection Process, Essays

Speeding Into Disparity free essay sample

Everytime you go driving, you are putting a metaphorical gun to your head. Yep, it’s true. Speeding drivers, alcohol influenced drivers, and unreliable driving conditions are just a few of the dangerous aspects of driving. But, speeding is the most prevalent of reasons for car accidents. It breaks up families. It puts people in the hospital. It costs you money. It’s just unnecessary!Our hunger for adrenaline through reckless driving demands a solution immediately. More and more deaths are happening. More people are getting debilitating injuries. It needs to stop and it all starts with conscious thinking. Although we cannot control a person’s impulse to drive dangerously, however we can control their vehicles from doing so with a unique speed limiting technology. We as a technologically advanced society should be harder on this subject. According to Carole Walker of Rocky Mountain Insurance Association, 9,613 people died in 2013 to a speed related crash. We will write a custom essay sample on Speeding Into Disparity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Of those 9,613 fatal car accidents, 31 percent were people of the ages 16 to 24. Immaturity and lack of experience behind the wheel contribute to speed related accidents. Whats even more mind boggling is that 29 percent of all fatal car crashes are due to speeding. It not only costs you your life, but it also costs Americans money. Speeding costs Americans 40.4 billion dollars per year. With all of these misfortunate consequences of speeding you must be asking yourself, what are people doing to stop this? Well, recently new technology to stop speeding have been introduced in the automotive world. There are already devices such as speed limiters which limit the speed of a car, however those are inefficient because the car can still reach high, dangerous speeds.When approached with the topic of speeding we must ask ourselves this, have we entrusted too much responsibility to drivers? Reality is that we have. Even products like the Ford S-Max are imperfect with its design and concept.The Ford S-Max is a car that can read traffic signs and adjust the throttle to reduce the drivers speed.Heres its flaw, the driver can easily override the adjustment of the throttle just by pushing on the gas pedal harder. Therefore, you are still granted the ability to speed. Not only that, but what if the Ford S reads a sign incorrectly? The driver could possibly get rear ended if the car were to read a 65mph sign as a 35mph sign leaving the driver at a great risk of getting injured. This technology just isn’t safe. There must be something devised to restrict the power we hold as drivers. My solution to this epidemic is a pole, similar to a telephone pole, that releases signals to your car informing it of the areas speed limit. Your cars computer will receive this signal and notify your engine to slow down and restrict you from exceeding the posted speed limit. The flow of gas to the engine provoked by the pressure on the throttle will be restricted thus virtually restricting your car from speeding. The logistics of the whole device is simple, say you are in a residential area and you are going 30mph. Your car will receive a signal by a nearby tower telling it to restrict the speed excession. Once that signal is received, then the car will respond by lowering the intake of gas to the engine being pushed by the throttle. These poles will be cheap as their technology will resemble a wifi router. Unlike a wifi router, they will have a greater signal radius and they will be placed around every mile or so. The pole’s technology will eliminate speeding and the conse quences that follow speeding. Speeding has plagued the minds and hearts of many and we as a community must put it to a stop. Our efforts such as the Ford S-Max and speed limiters are infected with flaws that also contain cons that we cannot afford. Our recklessness has led to the questioning of our responsibility as drivers. To truly reduce the deaths and the heaving amounts of money spent away to cover the expenses of the consequences, we must invest in a better alternative.

Uniqlo Assessment Presentation and Project Report Environmental Analysis free essay sample

As international brand, UNIQLO set up their design studio for own products development next year. As of August 2011, UNIQLO international had 181 stores including China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, UK, USA, France and Russia, Japan had 843 stores, totally 1,024 stores in worldwide. There are at least 5 major factors of macro-environment that will impact the apparel brand management of UNIQLO. Political / Legal Previously most of the UNIQLO’s products were made in China but in year 2008, China had set up a new Labor law to protect the labors against wage default, forced labor and also strengthen China’s economic, the new law also requires employers to contribute to employee’s social account and sets standard wages for employees on probation or overtime. If any employers fail to conclude a contract against the law, the employers need to pay the workers double amount of his monthly salary back dated the first working day of the worker. We will write a custom essay sample on Uniqlo Assessment Presentation and Project Report Environmental Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In a result the labor law of 2008 would have meant bigger redundancy payment and higher operation cost for production. Introduction to Marketing @ SCOPE (CityU) Social Demographic – Focus on Women’s clothing Market â€Å"LOVE BEAUTY† is women’s nature. Women are willing to spend their whole life and money in pursuit of beauty. Absolutely, women’s clothing is a key account in apparel market. However, UNIQLO’s market share of women’s clothing (47. 6%) is nearly close with men’s clothing (41. 3%). Therefore, UNIQLO aims to win female customers of all ages by offering a reasonably rice, product development. Corporate Culture: Consumer orientation UNIQLO concerns about consumers’ satisfaction with setting up a Customer Center to receive customer opinions and requests, making use of all relevant data on improvement of production, stores and service. UNIQLO also provides the assistance dog seals service to the persons who rely on the dogs. Furthermore, UNIQLO conducts promotional campaigns for core products seasonally to get closer with consumers. Japanese National Culture Japanese possess a sense of high quality and safety requirements on products. UNIQLO has taken measures to maintain and control the products quality and safety, such as controlling the whole business process, inspection by 3rd parties. Shopping patterns (Japanese) Online shopping is a mature and popular means in Japan. Besides, the price of UNIQLO’s products is middle and low which is cater for customers’ need and taste in the economy recession since 2000. Introduction to Marketing @ SCOPE (CityU) Economic ?Consumers’ Disposable Income: UNIQLO Japan reported a fall in both sales and income in the year to August 2011. Collected items are separated into wearable and unwearable clothing. About 10% unwearable clothing are converted into fuel for generating electricity or recycled into industrial fiber. Wearable items about 90% separated into categories. UNIQLO’s staffs directly participate in distributing clothing deliver to refuges camps. In the past 5 years, UNIQLO has delivered 4. 3 million pieces of clothing to refugees, and others people in need in 22 countries around the world. This initiative starting in Japan, the program has spread to South Korea, France, the UK the USA. Plan to roll out in all countries where UNIQLO stores are present. Conclusion UNIQLO aims to be a biggest SPA (Specialty store retailer of Private label Apparel), Acceleration in new store openings mainly in Asian region and enhance the promotion. They expand the women line of apparel in business and continue for â€Å"MADE FOR ALL† apparel policy to develop and produce high quality and speciality products. For pricing, UNIQLO will expand the production in other Asian countries (e. g. Bangladesh, Vietnam etc†¦) instead of China because of the cost growth. Also reduce the risk of excessive reliance on China.

Mental Health And Community Care Social Work Essay Example

Mental Health And Community Care Social Work Essay Example Mental Health And Community Care Social Work Essay Mental Health And Community Care Social Work Essay In this study I will discourse Mental wellness and community attention, I will look at the historical context of community attention taking into consideration policies and that stemmed it and viing ideological positions that that has impacted on it. I will further look at its benefits and deficits since its execution taking into histories the impact of the 1990 NHS Community Care Act and current reforms. Finally I will discourse the procedure of poorness and societal exclusion which affects some of these people who have been discharged place as a consequence. History of Community Care and Aims Dobson ( 1998 ) stated that Care in the community represented the major political alteration in mental health care in the history of the National Health Service ( NHS ) It was the consequence both of societal alterations and political expedience and a motion off from the isolation of the mentally sick in old Victorian refuges towards their integrating into the community ( Goffman 1961 ) . The purpose was to normalize the mentally sick and to take the stigma of a status that is said to afflict one in four of the British population at some clip in their lives. The chief push towards community attention as we know it today came in the 1950s and 1960s, an epoch which saw a sea alteration in attitude towards the intervention of the mentally ailment and a rise in the patients rights motion, tied to civil rights runs. The 1959 Mental Health Act abolished the differentiation between psychiatric and other infirmaries and encouraged the development of community attention. Harmonizing to Goffman, ( 1961 ) historically, people who were designated as holding a mental unwellness lived in confined institutional environments for old ages and had limited outlooks for returning to the community. Community attention is used to depict the assorted services available to assist persons pull off their physical and mental wellness jobs in the community which is the British policy for deinstitutionalisation. Duane ( 2003 ) defined deinstitutionalisation as procedure of replacing long-stay psychiatric infirmaries with less stray community mental wellness services for those diagnosed with mental upset or developmental disablement. These services include, for illustration, nursing or societal work support, place aid, twenty-four hours Centres, reding and supported adjustment. The Department of Health expresses the demand to advance the development of a personal wellness program of persons, based on who they are, what they want and what their fortunes are. Harmonizing to DoH, Health is linked to the manner people live their lives and the chances available to take wellness in the communities where they live . There have been major betterments in wellness and life anticipation over the last century and on the most basic steps, people are populating longer than of all time before ( DoH study, 2005 ) . Rogers A and Pilgrim D ( 2001 ) stated that the ideological committedness to community attention was associated with obscure thought of accomplishing an ideal society, prior to it being effected as a practical world. Similarly Titmuss in the sixtiess suggested that the impression of community attention invented a sense of heat and human kindness, basically personal and soothing Titmuss ( 1968 ) . This early positive position emphasised the thought of go forthing the disenabling environment of the establishment behind and showing in the enabling possibilities of ordinary life. Harmonizing to Bulmer ( 1989 ) , the first usage of community attention was in the portion of mental wellness, as understanding developed of the negative effects of commiting mental patients in infirmaries, and to dispatch the ex-patients and mental disability infirmaries, and to dispatch the ex-patients into the community, where they would populate in hostel-type adjustment or in their ain places and be cared for by a mixture of professional and personal carers, peculiarly in twenty-four hours Centres and by nursing staff on the one manus and by members of their ain households on the other. Community attention in the yesteryear has ever been a assorted economic system, financed by both the province and by user charges and provided by voluntary sector organisation, commercial, for-profit organisation, the province and the household. Alan Walker ( 1982, 1989 ) and Roy Parker ( 1990 ) have specifically addressed the job of specifying community attention and have pointed out that it has been really easy for one individual s community attention to be another s institutional attention. Community attention has been a mixture of policies. To the wellness service any proviso outside the NHS peers community attention, hence establishment run by local governments constitute community attention. The assorted economic system of community attention during the 1960s left wing faculty members, notably Peter Townsend ( 1962 ) , made traveling petition for the deinstitutionalization of aged and mentally sick people, whereas Titmuss ( 1968 ) has already sounded a note of cautiousness when he referred to the manner in which the term community attention conjured up a sense of heat and human kindness. All this assumed the chief supplier of community attention to be the province. In some ways, the thought of community attention in mental wellness ran counter to the dominate tendency within the NHS after 1948, which until late, was centralised and hospital-dominated. Bulmer ( 1989 ) likewise emphasised that in recent old ages community attention has wide intending including the end of supplying comprehensive outreach, twenty-four hours and residential services and support for ordinary installations within the vicinity. In chief at least community attention now extends to societal inclusion and the publicity of buttocks to installations used by other people populating in the community and the right and duty of engagement in local community acitivties. Harmonizing to Pilgrim ( 2001 ) when the Labour authorities came to power in 1997, it announced the demand for rapid reform of mental wellness services based on the feeling or grounds that attention in the community has failed. In 1998, the Health Secretary, Frank Dobson, stated that dispatching people from establishments has brought benefits to some. But it has left many vulnerable patients to seek and get by on their ain. Others have been left to go a danger to themselves and a nuisance to others. A little but important minority have become a danger to the populace every bit good as themselves. Mind, along with many others, differ with the statement that community attention had failed. These were based on concerns about control of hazardous behavior which led to the radiuss enquiry following the violent death of a societal worker ( Isablel Shwartz ) in 1984 by patient Sharon Campbell in Bexley Hospital. These were some of the restrictions of attention discovered and led to recommendation about post-discharge instance direction DHSS ( 1998 ) . The study likewise noted the deficiency of any demand on the portion of services to place vulnerable patients or supply individualised attention programs, and for bureaus with duties for mental wellness to work together. The enquiry into the attention of Christopher Clunis was besides another ground why the community attention needed a reform. Rogers and Pilgrim ( 2001 ) explained that enquiry examined the mode in which services failed to react adequately to Christopher Clunis, a immature black adult male With a diagnosing of paranoid schizophrenic disorder who stabbed a alien ( Jonathan Zito ) at Finsbury Park belowground station. This highlighted a figure of jobs why the Labour authorities called for the reform of the community attention policy because of the unequal support for in the community with terrible mental wellness jobs. In 1999 The Government published theA National Service Framework [ NSF ] for mental wellness modern criterions and service theoretical accounts for England. The NSF spelled out national criterions for mental wellness services, what they aimed to accomplish, how they should be developed and delivered, and how public presentation would be measured in every portion of the state. ( DoH Community attention is the support by informal and formal carers of the aged, the handicapped and the mentally broken groups in the community who are normally in their ain places instead than in establishments. Harmonizing to Bulmer ( 1989 ) the thoughts with which community attention came approximately is due to the mixture of sociological propositions about the nature of modern community life, including personal ties between comparative, friends, and neighbors. The Griffiths Report: Community Care: Agenda for Action Margaret Thatcher invited Sir Roy Griffiths to bring forth a study on the jobs of the NHS. This study was influenced by the political orientation of managerialism. That is it was influenced by the thought that jobs could be solved by management . Harmonizing to the study, Griffiths steadfastly believed that many of the jobs confronting the Welfare State were caused by the deficiency of strong effectual leading and direction. Because of this old work, which was greatly admired by the Prime Minister, Griffiths was asked to analyze the whole system of community attention. In 1988 he produced a study or a Green Paper called Community Care: Agenda for Action , besides known as The Griffiths Report. Griffiths intended this program to screen out the muss in no-man s land . That is the gray country between wellness and societal services. This country included the long term or go oning attention of dependent groups such as older people, disabled and the mentally sick. Basically he was stating that community attention was non working because no 1 wanted to accept the duty for community attention. Community Care: Agenda for Action made six cardinal recommendations for action: Minister of State for Community Care to guarantee execution of the policy it required ministerial authorization. Local Governments should hold cardinal function in community attention. i.e. Social Work / Services departments instead than Health have duty for long term and go oning attention. Health Boards to hold duty for primary and acute attention. Specific grant from cardinal authorities to fund development of community attention. Specified what Social Service Departments should make: measure attention demands of vicinity, set up mechanisms to measure attention demands of persons, on footing of demands design flexible bundles of attention to run into these demands Promote the usage of the Independent sector: this was to be achieved by societal work sections join forcesing with and doing maximal usage of the voluntary and private sector of public assistance. Social Services should be responsible for enrollment and review of all residential places whether run by private administrations or the local authorization. The bulk of long term attention was already being provided by Social Services, but Griffiths thought was to set community nursing staff under the control of local authorization instead than Health Boards. This neer really happened. The Griffiths Report on Community Care seemed to endorse local authorities whereas, the wellness board reforms in the same period, really strengthened cardinal authorities control. rewor Harmonizing to the Mind, In 1989 the authorities published its response to the Griffiths Report in the White Paper Caring for People. It set out a model for alterations to community attention, which included a new support construction for societal attention. This would tag the beginning of the purchaser/provider split whereby societal services sections were encouraged to buy services provided by the independent sector. The study promoted the development of domiciliary, twenty-four hours attention and reprieve services to enable people to populate every bit independently as possible in their ain places. Other aims included quality enterprises around appraisal of demand and instance direction. Carers demands were addressed by prioritizing practical support enterprises for them. The following decennary saw a dramatic addition in the figure of voluntary and private sector service suppliers. The impact of the community attention reforms The community attention reforms outlined in the 1990 Act have been in operation since April 1993 Glennester, ( 1996 ) .They have been evaluated but no clear decisions have been reached. A figure of writers have been extremely critical of the reforms. Hadley and Clough ( 1996 ) claim the reforms have created attention in pandemonium ( Hadley and Clough 1996 ) They claim the reforms have been inefficient, unresponsive, offering no pick or equity. Other writers nevertheless, are non rather so pessimistic. Meanss and Smith ( 1998 ) claim that the reforms: introduced a system that is no better than the old more bureaucratic systems of resource allotment were an first-class thought, but received small understanding or committedness from societal services as the lead bureau in community attention the enthusiasm of local governments was undermined by vested professional involvements, or the service bequest of the last 40 old ages wellness services and societal services workers have non worked good together and at that place have been few multidisciplinary appraisals carried out in world small coaction took topographic point except at senior direction degree the reforms have been undermined by chronic underfunding by cardinal authorities the voluntary sector was the chief donee of this effort to develop a assorted economic system of attention The Care Programme Approach ( CPA ) Harmonizing to Rogers and Pilgrim ( 2001 ) there was a light with the debut of the Care Programme Approach in 2001. It introduced an effort to better and standardize the bringing of community attention services. The CPA set out a pattern model for wellness governments in England, giving counsel on how they should carry through their responsibilities as laid out in the National Health Service ( NHS ) and Community Care Act 1990. The programme contained four key elements viz. , Agreement for measuring the wellness and societal demands of receivers of specialist mental wellness services, The regular usage of attention program that identified which supplier was responsible for different facets of a individual s attention Key worker who would supervise and organize attention for the person Regular reappraisal and if appropriate alterations to the attention program. Through the debut of the CPA, patients identified at hazard have been required to be kept on supervising registry ( DH, 1995 ) . The thought was that all patients in contact with services would be capable to CPA but that some require greater examination and service input. Pilgrim et al stated that the Labour authorities inherited this method in 1997 and continued to back it as the pillar of good quality community-based direction for people with mental wellness upset, despite the construct of community attention being debatable by wellness curates and controversial instances such as that of Christopher Clunis. Social inclusion Social exclusion occurs when, A marginalised by society, people are non ableA play a full andA equal portion in their community.A Many people who experience mental hurt experience stigma and favoritism, and live in poorness. They may happen it difficult to happen equal lodging or entree employment. The net consequence is that people can go earnestly stray and excluded from societal and on the job life. Following the publication of the Social Exclusion Unit s ( SEU ) study into mental wellness and societal exclusion, the National Institute for Mental Health in England ( NIMHE ) have been charged with implementing the 27 action points listed in the SEU study. NIMHE are working on a figure of policy countries including employment, instruction, societal webs, lodging and homelessness, direct payments, income and benefits. ( DoH 1998 )

Before the law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Before the law - Essay Example The law may be interpreted in very many ways. It may have a religious angle whereby the law represents a source of moral rightness and justice. This may mean that when one wants to find right thing or justice, all they need to do is to make an effort. According to the story it seems that justice is accessible to anyone with the audacity to take risks in order to find it. â€Å"the gate to the law stands open, as always†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 1 (Kafka para 5). The man from the country had his chance, but he chose to sit down on it. He was too afraid to make the effort to defy the dissenting voice of the door keeper and go through the gate like he was supposed to (Lima 183). That door had been his to go through but he seems to have too afraid of the first obstacle he encountered to think of alternative ways to get in (Kafka, Corngold and Greenberg 13). To this man, what he was looking for was so near, and yet so far. I think that the law in this case is a kind of a guideline for how life should be lived. Accessing this guideline and knowing how to live is the only way to be happy. The man in the parable does not know how to access the law and he is not creative enough to want to find out how he can gain entry (Kafka, Corngold and Greenberg 16). In life, many people search for what they can do to live happily. Sometimes, they find the path leading to a happy life, by they cannot gain access to the happy life simply because someone is standing on their way. They may end up in the same spot waiting for the right time to come so that they may get a chance to go where they want, but that chance might never come (Lima 184). This story impacts my life in many ways. The man from the country represents so many people who are too afraid to go the extra mile in search for the true meaning of life and happiness. â€Å"But the gatekeeper says he cannot grant him entry at the moment†2 (Kafka). Just like the man from the country, there are those people who believe every negative thing they hear. They know where to look but they do not have the courage to venture in. They instead listen to those voices around them that tell them that they cannot go in (Lima 187). In the meantime, they spend so much of their time and resources trying to please these people who will never let them have the true happiness and contentment that they are looking for. I have learnt from this story that I have the power to open and enter the gates through which I can find true satisfaction and happiness. I do not have to listen to other people w

Variable Overhead Variance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Variable Overhead Variance - Essay Example As earlier explained, the possible causes for these adverse variable manufacturing overhead variance is over utilization of the machine hours than what was budgeted that it negates even the favorable effects of lower expenditure for such manufacture. In order to reduce the cost of expenditure for the manufacturing purposes, some direct materials are sourced from local sources which may not be of standard quality thereby increasing the time spent on machine hours to match the required sandal design specifications. Hence, the management needs to check in for quality of the raw material purchased rather than only going by price considerations so that the overall cost of manufacturing overhead reduced and even the quality of the finished product would be even better than what is marketed now. It is observed that the raw material purchases are below the budgeted standards thereby raising doubts on the quality of the raw material procured and as such, work on them becomes tedious and more time consuming in terms of machine hours. Care should be taken while selecting the right type of raw material so that in the coming months, there is no occurrence of

Liberalism And World Politics Politics Essay

Liberalism And World Politics Politics Essay Michael Doyle, in this article, indicates that liberal states which base on individual rights are basically opposed to war. Nevertheless, liberal states are different. They are actually peaceful, but they also tend to make war. To show these differences, Michael Doyle explains three different theoretical traditions of liberalism in his article. These traditions are liberal pacifism, liberal imperialism, and liberal internationalism. (p.73) Liberal Pacifism: Joseph Schumpeter, in his article Sociology of Imperialism that published in 1919, concerned pacifying effects of liberal institutions and principles. Schumpeter focused on the interplay of capitalism and democracy as the base of liberal pacifism. So, he looked at the sociology of historical imperialisms which rest on the effect of a war machine, warlike instincts, and export monopolism, that all based on the atavism. Although, in the past, war machine was necessary because of wars; now, there are wars because of the war machine. The warlike instincts stem from the war machine, but also some states, like Persians, are warriors from the beginning. Export monopolism incites imperialist expansion to extend nations closed markets. Export monopolism depends on the tariffs that imposed by monarchs in the past. These all three sources of imperialism are an atavism of the absolute monarchies. In modern era, to Schumpeter, because imperialists satisfy their individual intere sts, their imperialistic wars are objectless. (p.73,74) Schumpeter states that capitalism and democracy are necessary to establish peace, because when capitalism and democracy developed, imperialism will disappear. For him, capitalism creates unwarlike tendency and creates democratized, individualized, and rationalized populace. According to Schumpeters liberal pacifism, only war profiteers and military aristocrats gain from war. When there is a free trade foreign raw material and food stuffs are accessible to each nation, as a result, no class gains from forcible expansion. Also, if a nation that is backward culturally makes economic relations dependent on colonization, which of the civilized nations assumes the task of colonization is not important. (p.74) The inconsistency between warlike history of liberal states and Schumpeters pacifism emphasizes three extreme assumptions. First, his materialistic monism minimizes non-economic objectives such as glory, prestige, ideological justification, or pure power of ruling. Second, the political lives of individuals are homogenized. Third, like internal politics, world politics are homogenized. Materially monistic and democratically capitalist all nations engage with free trade and liberty together. Machiavellis liberal imperialism does not share these assumptions. (p.75) Liberal Imperialism: Machiavelli denies that republics are pacifistic. Instead, they are the best form of state for imperialism. Machiavellis republic is not a democracy, but bases on individual rights. There are consuls that serve as kings, senate as an aristocracy that administer the state, and people in assembly. (p.75) According to him, liberty stems from the disunion meant competition of senate, consuls and people; then, there will be compromise. Also, popular veto creates liberty, because, when the powerful few want to dominance, others veto and protect states liberties. Nevertheless, people need to be managed because they are lack of ability to expand their state. So, consuls and senate plan the expansion. Machiavelli advises that to expand your state, you should organize it as a free and popular republic like Rome rather than as an aristocratic republic like Sparta. Thus, Machiavelli is an advocator of the liberal imperialism. (p.75,76) Liberal Internationalism: Modern liberalism left two legacies. First one is the pacification of foreign relations among liberal states. Liberal pacifists state that liberal states exercise peaceful limitation, and separate peace which refers to a deal to stop military hostilities among states exists. Separate peace also suggests the promise of maintenance of peace and refers possibility of global peace. But, this does not demonstrate that the peace among liberals is statistically remarkable and that liberalism is the only way to peace. Second one is international imprudence. Peaceful limitation seems possible only in liberals relations with other liberals. Liberal states make many wars with non-liberal states. Many of these wars have been defensive and thus prudent. (p.76,77) Kants theory of liberal internationalism makes these legacies more comprehensible. Kant argues that perpetual peace will be guaranteed by three definitive article. First one emphasizes that constitution of the state must be republican to preserve freedoms. Second Definitive Article suggests that liberal republics will progressively establish peace among themselves by means of the pacific union that will maintain the rights of each state. Third one establishes a cosmopolitan law that will be limited to conditions of universal hospitality.(p.78) To Kant, perpetual peace is a condition for ethical action that requires harmony among men even their discord. Peace is an ethical duty, because all men see each other as ends rather than instrument for ends, only under conditions of peace. However, guarantee of perpetual peace does not base on only ethical behavior. Kant shows that fear and force also motivated men for perpetual peace. Kant explains that liberal states maintain peace among themselves; and these states make wars with non-liberals and thus suffer due to sad experience of wars. (p.79) Finally, cosmopolitan law attaches material incentives to moral behaviors. The cosmopolitan right makes spirit of commerce possible. As a result, states tend to promote peace and avoid from war. Liberal economic theory advocates that these cosmopolitan ties stem from a cooperation of international division of labor and free trade. (p.80,81) In conclusion, the promise of perpetual peace, sad experience of war, and the experience of a partial peace prove the necessity of world peace. They are foundations for moral citizens and statesmen who striving for peace. (p.81,82)